Portulaca oleracea L. Polysaccharide Inhibits Porcine Rotavirus In Vitro.

Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of death in young piglets. Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) belongs to the genus Rotavirus within the family Reoviridae, and is considered to be the primary pathogen causing diarrhea in piglets. Portulaca oleracea L. (POL) has been reported to alleviate diarrhea and viral infections. However, the antiviral effect of Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide (POL-P), an active component of POL, on PoRV infection remains unclear. This study demonstrated that the safe concentration range of POL-P in IPEC-J2 cells is 0-400 µg/mL. POL-P (400 µg/mL) effectively inhibits PoRV infection in IPEC-J2 cells, reducing the expression of rotavirus VP6 protein, mRNA and virus titer. Furthermore, on the basis of viral life cycle analysis, we showed that POL-P can decrease the expression of PoRV VP6 protein, mRNA, and virus titer during the internalization and replication stages of PoRV. POL-P exerts antiviral effects by increasing IFN-α expression and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 inflammatory factors. Overall, our study found that POL-P is a promising candidate for anti-PoRV drugs.

Development of Nectin4/FAP-targeted CAR-T cells secreting IL-7, CCL19, and IL-12 for malignant solid tumors.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has made significant advances for hematological malignancies but encounters obstacles in the treatment of solid tumors mainly due to tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Methods: Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to examine the cellular expression of nectin cell adhesion molecule-4 (Nectin4) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in a variety of malignant solid tumors. Then, we engineered the fourth-generation Nectin4-targeted CAR-T (Nectin4-7.19 CAR-T) and FAP-targeted CAR-T (FAP-12 CAR-T) cells to evaluate their safety and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Results: In our study, we firstly demonstrated the aberrant overexpression of Nectin4 on both primary and metastatic solid tumors and FAP on cancer-associated fibroblasts. Then, we found that our fourth-generation Nectin4-7.19 CAR-T cells expressed IL-7 and CCL19 efficiently and exhibited superior proliferation, migration, and cytotoxicity compared to the second-generation Nectin4 CAR-T cells, while FAP-12 CAR-T cells exerted their ability of targeting both murine and human FAP effectively in vitro. In a fully immune-competent mouse model of metastatic colorectal cancer, lymphodepletion pretreated mice achieved complete remission with human Nectin4-targeted murine CAR-T (Nectin4 mCAR-T) cells. In the NSG mouse model of lung metastases, Nectin4-7.19 CAR-T cells eradicated metastatic tumors and prolonged survival in combination with FAP-12 CAR-T cells. Conclusions: These findings showed that Nectin4-7.19 CAR-T cells had potential therapeutic efficacy and exerted a synergistic role with FAP-12 CAR-T cells, further demonstrating that Nectin4 and FAP were able to serve as promising targets for safe and effective CAR-T therapy of malignant solid tumors.

Coal Mine Safety Evaluation Based on Machine Learning: A BP Neural Network Model.

As the core of artificial intelligence, machine learning has strong application advantages in multi-criteria intelligent evaluation and decision-making. The level of sustainable development is of great significance to the safety evaluation of coal mining enterprises. BP neural network is a classical algorithm model in machine learning. In this paper, the BP neural network is applied to the sustainable development level decision-making and safety evaluation of coal mining enterprises. Based on the analysis of the evaluation method for sustainable development of coal enterprises, the evaluation index system of sustainable development of coal enterprises is established, and a multi-layer forward neural network model based on error backpropagation algorithm is constructed. Based on the system theory of man, machine, environment, and management, and taking the four single elements and the whole system in a coal mine as the research object, this paper systematically analyzes and studies the evaluation and continuous improvement of coal mine intrinsic safety. The BP neural network evaluation model is used to analyze and study the intrinsic safety of coal mines, the shortcomings of the intrinsic safety construction of coal mines are found, and then improvement measures are put forward to effectively promote the safe production of coal mines and finally realize the intrinsic safety goal of the coal mine.

Overexpression of a Malus baccata NAC Transcription Factor Gene MbNAC25 Increases Cold and Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis.

NAC (no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis thaliana transcription activation factor (ATAF1/2) and cup shaped cotyledon (CUC2)) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. Nevertheless, to date, only a few reports regarding stress-related NAC genes are available in Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. In this study, the transcription factor MbNAC25 in M. baccata was isolated as a member of the plant-specific NAC family that regulates stress responses. Expression of MbNAC25 was induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, high salinity and heat. The ORF of MbNAC25 is 1122 bp, encodes 373 amino acids and subcellular localization showed that MbNAC25 protein was localized in the nucleus. In addition, MbNAC25 was highly expressed in new leaves and stems using real-time PCR. To analyze the function of MbNAC25 in plants, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed MbNAC25. Under low-temperature stress (4 °C) and high-salt stress (200 mM NaCl), plants overexpressing MbNAC25 enhanced tolerance against cold and drought salinity conferring a higher survival rate than that of wild-type (WT). Correspondingly, the chlorophyll content, proline content, the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower. These results indicated that the overexpression of MbNAC25 in Arabidopsis plants improved the tolerance to cold and salinity stress via enhanced scavenging capability of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

[Mutational analysis of 117 patients with non-syndromic hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequencies of deafness gene mutations among patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) from northern Jiangsu province. METHODS: A total of 117 patients with NSHL were enrolled. The coding region of GJB2 gene, IVS7-2A>G and 2168A>G mutations of SLC26A4 gene, and 1555A>G and 1494C>T mutations of mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Patients in whom no mutation was detected were further tested by targeted gene capture and high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: Among the 117 patients, 86 (73.50%) were found to carry mutations. GJB2 gene mutations were found in 61 patients (52.14%), including 22 (18.80%) with homozygous mutations and 39 (33.33%) with heterozygous mutations. SLC26A4 gene mutations were found in 19 patients (16.24%), including 4 (3.42%) with homozygous mutations and 15 with heterozygous mutations (14.53%). Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene mutation was found in 6 patients (5.13%). Targeted gene capture and high-throughput sequencing of 8 patients identified 4 further cases, including 1 with RDX gene 129_130del and 76_79del compound heterozygous mutations, 1 with OTOF gene 1274G>C homozygous mutation, 1 with SLC26A4 gene 919-2A>G and IVS16-6G>A compound heterozygous mutation, and 1 with SLC26A4 gene 919-2A>G and A1673T compound heterozygous mutation. CONCLUSION: The frequency of mutation among patients with NSHL from north Jiangsu was 73.50%, and GJB2 gene was most commonly mutated.

Synthesis of Coumestrol and Aureol.

A total synthesis of coumestrol (1) and aureol (2) is described. The Perkin condensation of 2-bromo-4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid (6) and o-hydroxybenzaldehydes (7) gave the corresponding 2'-bromo-3-arylcoumarins (9). A copper-catalyzed consecutive hydroxylation and aerobic oxidative coupling of 9 under microwave conditions facilitated the total synthesis of 1 and 2, respectively, with spectroscopic data highly similar to those of natural products.

Cu-Catalyzed Consecutive Hydroxylation and Aerobic Oxidative Cycloetherification under Microwave Conditions: Entry to 2-Arylbenzofuran-3-carboxylic Acids.

A convenient one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carboxylic acids from (E)-2-(2-bromophenyl)-3-phenylacrylic acids via Cu-catalyzed consecutive hydroxylation and aerobic oxidative cycloetherification under microwave conditions has been developed. This protocol employed the reagent combination of Cu(OAc)2, 1,10-phen, and KOH in DMSO/H2O (1:1), all of which are cost-effective, readily available, and easily removable from the reaction mixture. Utilizing this synthetic protocol, various 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carboxylic acids as well as the natural product moracin M have been synthesized in satisfactory yields under mild conditions.

CuI/1,10-phen/PEG promoted decarboxylation of 2,3-diarylacrylic acids: synthesis of stilbenes under neutral and microwave conditions with an in situ generated recyclable catalyst.

A series of trans- or cis-stilbenes have been synthesized in good to excellent yields via a functional group-dependent decarboxylation process from the corresponding 2,3-diaryl acrylic acids in a neutral CuI/1,10-phen/PEG-400 system under microwave conditions. The in situ generation of the recyclable catalytic complex, the use of environmentally benign solvent PEG-400, the operational simplicity, the short reaction times, as well as the functional group-dependent chemo- and stereo-selectivity have made the decarboxylation process a highly efficient and applicable protocol.

Continuous electrochemical oxidation of methyl orange waste water using a three-dimensional electrode reactor.

The removal of methyl orange wastewater was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with granular activated carbon and titanium filter electrodes arrays. The effects of the electric current, the residence time and the initial dye concentration on the methyl orange removal were evaluated. For the initial concentration of 1150 mg/L, the COD removal was obtained as 90% under the conditions of electric current 2 A, residence time 40 min. The effluent path of the electrochemical cell was optimized, using the anode effluent instead of the top effluent, where the COD removal was increased to 93% and the corresponding energy consumption was decreased from 15.5 to 14.6 kW-hr/kg COD.